【JLPT N4】 ~かもしれません:Grammar usage and examples

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Today’s topic:~かもしれません

Meaning of “~かもしれません”
  • It is used when you are not sure, but you want to say that it is possible.
How to use “~かもしれません”?

The preceding form of “かもしれません” is as follows.

  • Verb -る/た かもしれません
     れいよるあめ がふるかもしれません。 It may rain at night.
       さいふをトイレに いたかもしれません。 I may have left my wallet in the bathroom.
  • adj. -い/かった かもしれません
     れいえき から ちか いアパートは、 ちんが たかかもしれません。 Apartments close to the station may have higher house rent.
  • adj. /だった かもしれません
     れい ) アンさんはお さけ がきらいだったかもしれません。ほとんど んでいませんでしたから。 Ann san may not have liked to drink. She hardly drank at all.
  • Noun /だった かもしれません
     れい ) あれは あたら しい 先生 せんせい かもしれません
  • It can also be used together with the negative form(-ない/なかった) といっしょに 使 つか うこともできます。
     れい ) マイクさん、おそいですね。 予定 よてい電車 でんしゃ れなかったかもしれません。 Mike san is late. He might not have been able to catch his train.
       この 映画 えいが は、あまりおもしろくないかもしれません。 This movie may not be very interesting.

The Characters

John san

Born in America. He is studying Japanese at a Japanese school. He loves Japanese anime and food!

Yumi sensei

She is a Japanese teacher in John’s class. She loves sports and enjoys jogging on her days off.

Excuse me, I would like to ask you a few questions.

John san, what’s wrong?

 I lent a book to my friend, but today he told me “ほんを なくしたかもしれない 。さがすから、かえすのを まってもらえない?”.
I don’t mind waiting, but I don’t understand what “なくしたかもしれない” mean. Did he lose the book? Or did he not lose it?

Your friends are still not sure if he lost it or not.

He’s not sure?

Yes, I think so.
John san, let’s study “~かもしれません” today and think about you’re your friend wanted to tell together!

What does “~かもしれません” mean?

John san, you mentioned that you lost your wallet the other day. Did you immediately realize where you lost it at that time?

No, I wasn’t sure. When I got home, I noticed it was not there. I didn’t know where I lost it.

Where did you think it would be then?

Well, at first, I thought I had left it at school.
Then I got on the train and went to the restroom at the station, so I thought about the train and the restroom.

You thought of school, train, and station restrooms.

Yes, I did. But I figured it wasn’t the school because the school didn’t call me about what I forgot.
So, I thought maybe it was the train? Or the restroom?

I see. At that time, John san was not sure, but you thought the possibilities were the train or the restroom.
Like this, when you want to say that you are not 100% sure, but there is a possibility, you can use “~かもしれません”.
For example, when you tell the police officer that you lost your wallet, you can say, “でんしゃに わすれたかもしれません (I may have left it on the train).”

I can use it when I don’t know for sure, but I want to say that it may be…. Then I can say, “えきの トイレに おいたかもしれません(I may have left it in the restroom at the station).”

Yes, you can. And the normal form of “~かもしれません” is “~かもしれない”.

So what my friend meant by “ほんを なくしたかもしれない” is that he doesn’t know for sure if he lost it or not!

That’s right. He probably thought “なくしたかもしれない(I might have lost it),” but thought “いえに あるかもしれない(I may have some in the house),” so he said, “さがすから ちょっと まってほしい(I’m looking for a book. I just need a minute).”

Yes, I understand very well.

Now let us summarize the meaning of “~かもしれません.”

Meaning of “~かもしれません”
  • It is used when you are not sure, but you want to say that it is possible.

How to use “~かもしれません“?

Can I use “~かもしれません” only for the past? Can it be used for the present or the future?

Good question! You can use it not only for the past, but also for the present and the future. Let’s look at an example.

A:あの おんなひと はだれでしょうね。 I wonder who that woman is.
B: 教科書 きょうかしょ っていますから、 あたら しい 先生 せんせい かもしれませんよ。 She has textbooks, so she may be a new teacher.

Child:いってきます。 I’m going.
Motherよるあめ がふるかもしれないから、かさを っていったほうがいいよ。 It might rain at night, so you’d better bring an umbrella.

In this way, you can describe about the present or the future.

You can also use nouns before “~かもしれません,” such as “先生かもしれません(could be a new teacher).”

Right. You can use it for nouns and adjectives too. Let’s look at how it is used.

How to use “~かもしれません”?

The preceding form of “かもしれません” is as follows.

  • Verb -る/た かもしれません
     れいよるあめ がふるかもしれません。 It may rain at night.
       さいふをトイレに いたかもしれません。 I may have left my wallet in the bathroom.
  • adj. -い/かった かもしれません
     れいえき から ちか いアパートは、 ちんが たかかもしれません。 Apartments close to the station may have higher house rent.
  • adj. /だった かもしれません
     れい ) アンさんはお さけ がきらいだったかもしれません。ほとんど んでいませんでしたから。 Ann san may not have liked to drink. She hardly drank at all.
  • Noun /だった かもしれません
     れい ) あれは あたら しい 先生 せんせい かもしれません
  • It can also be used together with the negative form(-ない/なかった) といっしょに 使 つか うこともできます。
     れい ) マイクさん、おそいですね。 予定 よてい電車 でんしゃ れなかったかもしれません。 Mike san is late. He might not have been able to catch his train.
       この 映画 えいが は、あまりおもしろくないかもしれません。 This movie may not be very interesting.

Let’s practice in various situations. Please make sentences using “かもしれません” or “かもしれない.”

OK!

Let’s Practice!

After class, you are talking to the teacher.

Teacher : マイクさんがどこにいるか っていますか?

You: 今日 きょう はアルバイトがあると っていたので、(                )。かばんもありませんし。

You are talking to your boss at work.
You have a cough and do not feel well.

Your boss :どうしたんですか。 気分 きぶん がわるそうですね。

You: はい、(               )。 今日 きょうはやかえ ってもよろしいでしょうか。

You are talking to a friend.

Friend:先週 せんしゅう はな したけど、 今度 こんど土曜日 どようび のバーベキュー、 られるよね。

You:あ、ごめん。(                )んだ。 あに から、 土曜日 どようび にうちに るっていうメールが て。

let’s think about it with John san!

It’s done. What do you think?

Answers

After class, you are talking to the teacher.

Teacher : マイクさんがどこにいるか っていますか? Do you know where Mike san is?

You: 今日 きょう はアルバイトがあると っていたので、( もう かえ ったかもしれません )。かばんもありませんし。 He said he had a part-time job today, so he may have left already. And his bag is not there.

You are talking to your boss at work.
You have a cough and do not feel well.

Your boss :どうしたんですか。 気分 きぶん がわるそうですね。 What’s the matter? You seem to be in a bad mood.

You: はい、( かぜかもしれません )。 今日 きょうはやかえ ってもよろしいでしょうか。 Yes, it might be a cold. May I go home early today?

You are talking to a friend.

Friend:先週 せんしゅう はな したけど、 今度 こんど土曜日 どようび のバーベキュー、 られるよね。 We talked about it last week, but you can come to the BBQ this coming Saturday, right?

You:あ、ごめん。(  けないかもしれない )んだ。 あに から、 土曜日 どようび にうちに るっていうメールが て。 Oh, sorry. I might not be able to make it. I got an email from my brother saying he’s coming over on Saturday.

Nice! Well done. Did you understand the meaning and use of “~かもしれません”?

Yes, I understand very well. Thank you very much.
Oh, I got a message from a friend. He said he found my book!

That’s great to hear!

Vocabularies from this article

なくすnakusulose something
さがすsagasulook for
さいふsaifupurse
電車 でんしゃdenshatrain
わす れものwasuremonosomething forgotten
自信 じしんjishinconfidence (in oneself)
可能性 かのうせいkanooseepossibility
交番 こうばんkoobanpolice box
教科書 きょうかしょkyookashotextbook
ちんyachinrent
上司 じょうしjooshiboss
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